Izinto ezimhlophe ngokubanzi zifunxa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (450-480nm) ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo (uluhlu lwamaza angama-400-800nm), lukhokelela kumbala oluhlaza onganelanga, luwenza lube tyheli kancinane, kwaye lunike abantu imvakalelo yobudala kunye nokungacoceki ngenxa yobumhlophe obuchaphazelekayo.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abantu bathathe amanyathelo ahlukeneyo okwenza izinto zibe mhlophe kwaye ziqaqambise.
Zimbini iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, enye yi-Garland whitening, oko kukuthi, ukongeza inani elincinci le-pigment eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (efana ne-ultramarine) kwinto ekhanyayo ngaphambili, egquma umbala otyheli we-substrate ngokwandisa ukubonakaliswa kwenxalenye yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. , iyenza ibonakale imhlophe.Nangona i-garland ingaba mhlophe, enye ilinganiselwe, kwaye enye kukuba ngenxa yokunciphisa inani elipheleleyo lokukhanya okubonakalisiweyo, ukukhanya kuyancipha, kwaye umbala wento uba mnyama.Enye indlela ikhemikhali bleaching, nto leyo ukucima umbala redox reaction kumphezulu wento ngepigment, ngoko ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuyonakalisa cellulose, kwaye into emva bleaching intloko emthubi, nto leyo echaphazela amava okubonakalayo.I-Fluorescent whitening agents efunyenwe kwi-1920s yenza ukusilela kwezi ndlela zingentla kwaye ibonise inzuzo engenakuqhathaniswa.
I-agent emhlophe ye-Fluorescent yi-organic compound ekwazi ukufunxa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunye ne-blue or blue-violet fluorescence.Izinto ezine-fluorescent whitening agent adsorbed zinokubonisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo okukhanyiswe phezu kwento, kunye nokukhanya okungabonakaliyo kwe-ultraviolet (ubude be-waveleng yi-300-400nm) iguqulelwa ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nokukhutshwa, kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye notyheli yimibala ehambelanayo. komnye nomnye, ngaloo ndlela kuphelisa i-yellow kwi-matrix yenqaku, iyenze ibe mhlophe kwaye ihle.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhutshwa kwento ekukhanyeni kuyanda, kwaye ubukhulu bokukhanya okukhutshiweyo budlula ubuninzi bokukhanya okubonakalayo okubonakalayo okuqikelelwe kwinto eza kucutshungulwa.Ngoko ke, ubumhlophe bento ebonwa ngamehlo abantu buyanda, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa injongo yokwenziwa mhlophe.
I-Fluorescent whitening agents yiklasi ye-organic compounds enesakhiwo esikhethekileyo esiqulethe i-conjugated double bonds kunye neplani elungileyo.Ngaphantsi kokukhanya kwelanga, iyakwazi ukufunxa imisebe ye-ultraviolet engabonakaliyo kwiso lenyama (i-wavelength yi-300 ~ 400nm), i-molekyuli evuyisayo, kwaye emva koko ibuyele kwimeko yomhlaba, inxalenye yamandla e-ultraviolet iya kunyamalala, kwaye emva koko iguqulelwe kukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. ngamandla asezantsi (ubude obungamaza angama-420~480nm) akhutshiweyo.Ngale ndlela, ubungakanani bokubonakaliswa kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwi-substrate kunokunyuswa, ngaloo ndlela kucime imvakalelo etyheli ebangelwa sisixa esikhulu sokukhanya okutyheli okubonakalayo kwinto eyiyo, kwaye ngokubonakalayo ivelise isiphumo esimhlophe nesiqaqambileyo.
Ukwenziwa mhlophe kwe-agent emhlophe ye-fluorescent kuphela kukukhanya kwamehlo kunye nesiphumo sombala ohambelanayo, kwaye akunakuthatha indawo yokucoca imichiza ukunika ilaphu lokwenyani "elimhlophe".Ngoko ke, ukuba ilaphu elinombala omnyama liphathwa nge-agent emhlophe ye-fluorescent yodwa ngaphandle kwe-bleaching, ubumhlophe obanelisayo abunakufunyanwa.I-agent jikelele yokuxutywa kweekhemikhali yi-oxidant eyomeleleyo.Emva kokuba i-fiber ifakwe i-bleached, izicubu zayo ziya konakaliswa kwinqanaba elithile, ngelixa i-whitening effect ye-fluorescent whitening agent iyimpembelelo ye-optical, ngoko ayiyi kubangela umonakalo kwi-fiber tissue.Ngaphezu koko, i-agent emhlophe ye-fluorescent inombala we-fluorescent othambileyo noqaqambileyo ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kwaye ngenxa yokuba kungekho kukhanya kwe-ultraviolet phantsi kokukhanya kwe-incandescent, ayibonakali imhlophe kwaye ikhazimle njengokukhanya kwelanga.Ukukhanya ngokukhawuleza kwe-fluorescent whitening agents kuyahluka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, kuba phantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, iimolekyuli ze-agent emhlophe ziya kutshatyalaliswa ngokuthe ngcembe.Ke ngoko, iimveliso eziphathwe nge-fluorescent whitening agents zithambekele ekunciphiseni ubumhlophe emva kokuvezwa kwexesha elide elangeni.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-polyester brightener kungcono, okwenayiloni kunye ne-acrylic kuphakathi, kwaye uboya kunye nesilika buphantsi.
Ukukhawuleza kokukhanya kunye nesiphumo se-fluorescent sixhomekeke kwisakhiwo se-molecular ye-fluorescent whitening agent, kunye nobunjani kunye nendawo yezinto ezithatha indawo, ezifana nokuqaliswa kwe-N, O, kunye ne-hydroxyl, i-amino, i-alkyl, kunye namaqela e-alkoxy kwi-heterocyclic compounds. , enokunceda.Isetyenziselwa ukuphucula umphumo we-fluorescence, ngelixa iqela le-nitro kunye neqela le-azo linciphisa okanye liphelise umphumo we-fluorescence kunye nokuphucula ukukhanya kokukhanya.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-14-2022